Vitamin B12 (Homo sapiens)

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29, 150, 221, 242, 255...3129, 85, 171, 205, 34842, 153, 34822, 12510, 2977916743EnzymesNecessary stimulationCleavageOther proteinsNitrogen CompundsLEGENDProcess or metabolism involved in Se PathwayProtein tyrosine nitrationFrom intracellular part to the plasmaProstaglandins metabolismProtein with polymorphismConversionCatalysisLipid peroxidationis composed ofOverarching processProtein*SelenoproteinsBindingNegative EffectCofactorsBiomarker forTranscription factorMetabolitesSelenium statusStimulationReactionCofactor conversionInhibitionLipoprotein melabolismMicronutrientsIntracellularDNA oxidationPlasmaThromboxane A2NFkB2IF*PGF2aMegalinF2-IsoprostaneTCN2*NFkB1PGE2MCP1HCThromboxane B2a-TocopherolRELATCN2*PGE1MCP1CUBN8-Isoprostaglandin F2a27, 41142, 23838, 57, 109, 140, 196...89, 142, 29952, 213, 298175315137, 245315196, 225, 29827, 41, 17234, 201, 220, 227, 234...57, 109, 140, 196, 225...24, 142, 175196, 225, 267, 29837, 172, 196, 213, 225...SHMTMMABMTR*MSR*MCEEMATMUTMM-CoA-HCBR34756, 35419638, 83, 92, 19332, 146, 29892, 2539, 13166, 83, 162, 174, 196...56CBS66, 243NADP+NADHNADP+MPO50, 85, 145, 147CysteinePAI-1Factor VIIThrombinPLGtPA274, 291274, 2612H2O25,10-Methylene-THF9, 163Creatinine5-methyl-THF5, 42, 47, 153, 163...241, 292SOD3CTH66THF163NADPHNADNADPHMTHFR*163, 321Homocysteine5, 29, 41, 47, 197...SOD1Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate5, 47, 245, 282, 308Serine9, 131SAA2TAGTAGVLDLHDL/APOA1HDLVLDLoxLDLLDL/APOBSAA4HDL-CLDLRHDLLDL-CAPOA1-NO2TyrVLDL-TAGHDL/SAAAPOA1SAA1ACTLDLABCA1APOA1SAA3LDL-CAPOEACTAPOBVLDL-TAGCholesterolVLDL/APOBAPOBSRB1HDL-CCholesterol14822, 9320320320327, 125, 147, 244, 29022, 37, 2862255, 20322104, 30527, 125, 147, 244, 29022, 16594, 16620394, 123, 16694, 123, 16625, 104203203, 30522, 9322, 9325, 2591652225, 259203, 30522, 27, 37, 2862222, 93, 16522, 9355, 203222222Cob(II)alaminMethylcob(III)alaminFADVitamin B12/CobalaminCob(I)alaminAdenosylcobalamin8-OHdGVitamin B12/Cobalamin146, 1965, 6, 47, 97, 99...83435, 6, 47, 123, 196...83, 92, 193, 19661, 83, 92, 193, 19642, 92, 153, 196Chlorinevitamin Dvitamin D123123CystathionineSOD2ZincO3NO2N2ONO3-HNO2NOHOCl50, 145, 174, 30732, 162, 174TNFaHbA1cFibrinsICAM-1FibrinogenFibrinogenTNFaRANTESD-dimerIL10IL6FibrinRANTESHBBINSIL1BALBIL1BINSRCRPIL6IL10HBA1D-dimer138, 240, 26629, 281, 29929, 281172, 35129, 99, 112, 221, 240...2, 13947, 82, 185, 240, 244...172, 351213, 26897, 112, 32047, 124, 27929, 112, 221, 2401282, 2612, 13929, 1242422, 261242112, 26012829, 124, 185, 31447, 124, 279128RiboflavinRiboflavin123, 275123, 275O2 · –Methionine S-Adenosylmethionine Methylmalonic acid S-AdenosylhomocysteineCbl/IFL-Methylmalonyl-CoA Succinyl-CoACbl/TC Methylmalonic acidD-Methylmalonyl-CoACbl/HCCbl/TC196, 225, 298196, 225, 298122, 163, 25232, 56, 146, 27756, 146146, 29883, 92, 163, 285, 34756, 146, 298196, 225, 241, 298196, 225, 29856, 146, 298163, 236NitrotyrosineONOO–/ONOOH79GlucoseFructosamine268128, 320Ascorbic acid157, 227, 234, 284


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History

CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
36991view15:10, 14 May 2010DamarizDeleted pathway: Change name
36990view14:48, 14 May 2010DamarizNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

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NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
Protein
Methylmalonic acidMetaboliteHMDB00202 (HMDB) Methylmalonate
S-AdenosylhomocysteineMetaboliteHMDB00939 (HMDB)
S-AdenosylmethionineMetaboliteHMDB01185 (HMDB)
Succinyl-CoAMetaboliteHMDB01022 (HMDB)
5,10-Methylene-THFMetaboliteHMDB01533 (HMDB) 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
5-methyl-THFMetaboliteHMDB01396 (HMDB)
  • 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
  • Predominant food folate
8-Isoprostaglandin F2aMetaboliteHMDB05083 (HMDB)
8-OHdGMetaboliteHMDB03333 (HMDB) 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine
ABCA1Protein19 (Entrez Gene) ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1
ACTProtein12 (Entrez Gene)
  • alpha-1-antichymotrypsin
  • serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3
ALBProtein213 (Entrez Gene) albumin
APOA1-NO2TyrProtein335 (Entrez Gene) Nitrotyrosinated apolipoprotein A-I
APOA1Protein335 (Entrez Gene) apolipoprotein A-I
APOBProtein338 (Entrez Gene) apolipoprotein B
APOEProtein348 (Entrez Gene) apolipoprotein A-I
AdenosylcobalaminMetaboliteHMDB02086 (HMDB)
Ascorbic acidMetabolite29073 (ChEBI) Vitamin C
CBRProtein1.16.1.4 (EC Number)
  • EC 1.16.1.4
  • cob(II)alamin reductase
CBSProtein875 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 4.2.1.22
  • cystathionine-beta-synthase
CRPProtein1401 (Entrez Gene) C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related
CTHProtein1491 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 4.4.1.1
  • cystathionase
CUBNGeneProduct8029 (Entrez Gene) cubilin (intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor)
Cbl/HCMetaboliteHMDB02174 (HMDB) Cobalamin haptocorrin complex
Cbl/IFMetaboliteHMDB02174 (HMDB) Cobalamin Intrinsic factor complex
Cbl/TCMetaboliteHMDB02174 (HMDB) Cobalamin Transcobalamin complex
ChlorineMetaboliteHMDB00492 (HMDB)
CholesterolMetaboliteHMDB00067 (HMDB)
Cob(I)alaminMetaboliteHMDB03429 (HMDB) Reduced cobalamin
Cob(II)alaminMetaboliteHMDB06316 (HMDB) oxidized cobalamin
CreatinineMetaboliteHMDB00562 (HMDB)
  • Creatine anhydride
  • A breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle
CystathionineMetaboliteHMDB00099 (HMDB)
CysteineMetaboliteHMDB00574 (HMDB)
D-Methylmalonyl-CoAMetaboliteHMDB01269 (HMDB)
D-dimerProtein (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_degradation_product
F2-IsoprostaneMetabolite53788444 (PubChem)
FADMetaboliteHMDB01248 (HMDB) Flavin adenine dinucleotide
Factor VIIProtein2155 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 3.4.21.21
  • coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator)
FibrinProtein439199 (PubChem)
FibrinogenProteinGO:0005577 (Other)
FructosamineMetaboliteHMDB02030 (HMDB)
GlucoseMetaboliteHMDB00122 (HMDB)
H2O2MetaboliteHMDB03125 (HMDB) Hydrogen peroxide
HBA1Protein3039 (Entrez Gene) hemoglobin, alpha 1
HBBProtein3043 (Entrez Gene) hemoglobin, beta
HCGeneProduct6947 (Entrez Gene)
  • Haptocorrin
  • transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family)
HDL-CMetabolite47775 (ChEBI)
  • high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
  • Cholesterol transport
HDL/APOA1Metabolite39025 (ChEBI)
  • high-density lipoprotein
  • ApoA-I is present on the majority of HDL particles and constitutes aprox 70% of the apolipoprotein content of HDL particles
HDL/SAAMetabolite39025 (ChEBI)
  • high-density lipoprotein
  • SAA circulates in plasma as a constituent of high density lipoproteins (HDL).
HDLMetabolite39025 (ChEBI) high-density lipoprotein
HNO2Metabolite25567 (ChEBI) Nitrous acid
HOClMetaboliteHMDB01050 (HMDB) Hypochlorite
HbA1cProtein
  • Glycated hemoglobin
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin
HomocysteineMetaboliteHMDB00742 (HMDB)
IF*GeneProduct2694 (Entrez Gene)
  • gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin B synthesis)
  • Also known as GIF
IL10Protein3458 (Entrez Gene) interferon, gamma
IL1BProtein3553 (Entrez Gene) interleukin 1, beta
IL6Protein3569 (Entrez Gene) interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)
INSProtein3630 (Entrez Gene) Insulin
INSRProtein3643 (Entrez Gene) Insulin receptor
L-Methylmalonyl-CoAMetaboliteHMDB01269 (HMDB)
LDL-CMetabolite47774 (ChEBI)
  • low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
LDL/APOBMetabolite39026 (ChEBI)
  • low-density lipoprotein
  • LDL particle contains 1 molecule of apo B
LDLMetabolite39026 (ChEBI) low-density lipoprotein
LDLRProtein3949 (Entrez Gene) low density lipoprotein receptor
MATProtein4143 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 2.5.1.6
  • Methionine adenosyltransferase
MCEEProtein84693 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 5.1.99.1
  • methylmalonyl CoA epimerase
MCP1GeneProduct6347 (Entrez Gene)
  • Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1
  • CCL2
MM-CoA-HProtein3.1.2.17 (EC Number)
  • EC 3.1.2.17
  • (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase
MMABProtein326625 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 2.5.1.17
  • methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblB type
  • Also known as ATR
MPOProtein4353 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 1.11.1.7
  • Myeloperoxidase
MSR*Protein4552 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 1.16.1.8
  • 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase
MTHFR*Protein4524 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 1.5.1.20
  • 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
  • Homozygous of (MTHFR) 677C-T variant may have enzyme activities up to 50% lower than those without the polymorphism increasing the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia
MTR*Protein4548 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 2.1.1.13
  • 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase
  • Also known as MS
MUTProtein4594 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 5.4.99.2
  • methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase
  • Also known as MCM
MegalinGeneProduct4036 (Entrez Gene) Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2
MethionineMetaboliteHMDB00696 (HMDB)
Methylcob(III)alaminMetaboliteHMDB02274 (HMDB)
N2OMetabolite17045 (ChEBI)
  • Dinitrogen oxide
  • Nitrous oxide
NADHMetaboliteHMDB01487 (HMDB) Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate
NADMetaboliteHMDB00902 (HMDB) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADP+MetaboliteHMDB00217 (HMDB) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Oxidized
NADPHMetaboliteHMDB00221 (HMDB) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Reduced
NFkB1GeneProduct4790 (Entrez Gene) nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p50 subunit
NFkB2GeneProduct4791 (Entrez Gene) nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2
NO2Metabolite33101 (ChEBI) Nitrogen dioxide
NO3-MetaboliteHMDB01853 (HMDB) Nitrate
NOMetaboliteHMDB03378 (HMDB) Nitric oxide
NitrotyrosineMetaboliteHMDB01904 (HMDB)
O2 · –MetaboliteHMDB02168 (HMDB) Superoxide
O3Metabolite25812 (ChEBI) ozone
ONOO–/ONOOHMetaboliteHMDB02179 (HMDB) Peroxynitrite
PAI-1Protein5054 (Entrez Gene) Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1
PGE1MetaboliteHMDB01442 (HMDB) Prostaglandin E1
PGE2MetaboliteHMDB01220 (HMDB) Prostaglandin E2
PGF2aMetaboliteHMDB01139 (HMDB) Prostaglandin F2a
PLGProtein5340 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 3.4.21.7
  • Plasminogen
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphateMetaboliteHMDB01491 (HMDB) Vitamin B6
RANTESProtein6352 (Entrez Gene)
  • CCL5
  • chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5
RELAGeneProduct5970 (Entrez Gene) nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3, p65
RiboflavinMetaboliteHMDB00244 (HMDB)
SAA1Protein6288 (Entrez Gene) serum amyloid A1
SAA2Protein6289 (Entrez Gene) serum amyloid A2
SAA3Protein6290 (Entrez Gene) serum amyloid A3 pseudogene
SAA4Protein6291 (Entrez Gene) serum amyloid A4, constitutive
SHMTProtein6472 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 2.1.2.1
  • Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
SOD1Protein6647 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 1.15.1.1
  • superoxide dismutase 1, soluble
SOD2Protein6648 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 1.15.1.1
  • superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial
SOD3Protein6649 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 1.15.1.1
  • superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular
SRB1Protein949 (Entrez Gene) scavenger receptor class B, member 1
SerineMetaboliteHMDB00187 (HMDB)
TAGMetabolite17855 (ChEBI)
  • Triglyceride
  • Triacylglycerol
TCN2*GeneProduct6948 (Entrez Gene) transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia
THFMetaboliteHMDB01846 (HMDB) Tetrahydrofolic acid
TNFaProtein7124 (Entrez Gene) tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)
ThrombinProtein2147 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 3.4.21.5
  • coagulation factor II (thrombin)
Thromboxane A2MetaboliteHMDB01452 (HMDB)
Thromboxane B2MetaboliteHMDB03252 (HMDB)
VLDL-TAGMetabolite47776 (ChEBI)
  • very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride
  • Triglyceride transport
VLDL/APOBMetabolite39027 (ChEBI)
  • very-low-density lipoprotein
  • The VLDL is produced in the liver, contains one molecule of apoB100
VLDLMetabolite39027 (ChEBI) very-low-density lipoprotein
Vitamin B12/CobalaminMetaboliteHMDB02174 (HMDB)
ZincMetaboliteHMDB01303 (HMDB)
a-TocopherolMetaboliteHMDB01893 (HMDB) Vitamin E
oxLDLMetabolite39026 (ChEBI) oxidized low-density lipoprotein
sICAM-1Protein3383 (Entrez Gene) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1
tPAProtein5327 (Entrez Gene)
  • EC 3.4.21.68
  • plasminogen activator, tissue
vitamin DMetabolite27300 (ChEBI)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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