Cholesterol metabolism (Homo sapiens)

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92497Peripheral tissueEndosomeLipid dropletsMitochondrionMitochondrionEndoplasmic reticulumLysosomeGolgi apparatusHepatocyteEndoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulumIntestinal lumenPre-ChylomicronSteroid biosynthesisChylomicronExocytosisAPOC3PCSK9PCSK9MYLIPLIPGlanosterolSORT124,25-dihydrolanosterolPhospholipaseNPC2SOAT1CYP27A1APOC1CYP7A1STARSCARB1NPC1APOC2LDLRABCA1LPLDHCR24EsteraseMTTPCD36LBRABCB11LPASORT1zymosterolLIPCAPOA4APOC1SORT1MGAT1HSD17B7ABCA1VAPAAPOC2TSPOCETPANGPTL8PLTPDGAT1ANGPTL3APOA1APOA1LDLRTM7SF2APOBLRP127-HydroxycholesterolLRP1desmosterolLCATLIPAAPOHLDLRPCSK9CYP51A1Bile acidLCATLRPAP1LDLREBPAPOA4LPLVDAC1OSBPL5ZymostenolAPOBSTARD3APOA2APOA1APOECIDEBABCG5LDLRAP151phospholipidscholesterolTriacylglycerol lipasecholesterol esterstriacylglycerolsfatty acidsABCG8ABCG5cholesteroldiacylglycerolsmonoacylglycerolsDGLlysophospholipidsNPC1L1CD36ACAT2lipid dropletcholesterolfatty acidslysophospholipidsmonoacylglycerolscholesterol estersphospholipidsEnterocyte8triacylglycerolstriacylglycerolstriacylglycerolsfatty acidsPeripheral tissueAPOBAPOEtriacylglycerolscholesterol estersChylomicron remnantAPOEcholesterol estersFat digestion and absorptioncholesterolphospholipidsABCA1APOA1phospholipidsAPOA1APOA2APOC2APOC3APOEphospholipidscholesterol esterscholesterolNascent HDLAPOA1APOA2APOC2APOC3APOEphospholipidscholesterol estersphospholipidscholesterol esterscholesterolAPOA1APOA1phospholipidscholesterol estersDegradationHDLAPOBcholesterol estersLDLCarrierSTARD3cholesterolVLDL DegradationTerpenoid backbone biosynthesischolesterolcholesterol esterscholesterol esterscholesteroltriacylglycerolsAPOBAPOC2APOC3APOBAPOEtriacylglycerolsVLDLPrimary bile acid biosynthesisBile secretionVDAC1cholesterolBileAPOBcholesterol estersAPOBcholesterol estersAPOBEndocytosisEndocytosisLDLSORT1RecyclingExocytosed via GolgiAPOBcholesterol estersLDLLDLDegradationAPOBAPOC2APOC3APOEtriacylglycerolsVLDLAPOBAPOEcholesterol esterstriacylglycerolsIDLcholesterol estersAPOBLp(a)Secretedcholesterol esterstriacylglycerolsphospholipidsphospholipidsfatty acidstriacylglycerolsfatty acidsfatty acidstriacylglycerolscholesterol estersfatty acidscholesterolLDLRSAR1BNSDHL(S)-2,3-EpoxysqualeneMevalonic acidfarnesyl pyrophosphateFDPSHMGCS1SC4MOLLathosterolSQLEMevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphateIDI1MVDHMGCR7-DehydrocholesterolDHCR7isopentenyl pyrophosphatePMVKHMG-CoAGeranyl-PPCholesterolFatty Acid Beta OxidationMevalonic acid-5PSqualeneSC5DLFDFT1LSSMVKAcetyl-CoADimethylallyl pyrophosphateFDPSEndoplasmic reticulum3, 6, 10Pre-ChylomicronDihydro-ff-MASt-MASEBPDehydrodesmosterolDHCR7DHCR24DehydrolathosterolDHCR24SC5DLDHCR24DHCR24HSD17B7NSDHLSC4MOLDHCR24LBRTM7SF2CYP51A1Dihydro-t-MASff-MASDHCR24cholesterolFatty Acid Beta OxidationHMGCS1Acetyl-CoAHMG-CoAMevalonic acidHMGCRMevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphateMVDPMVKMevalonic acid-5PMVKIDI1isopentenyl pyrophosphateDimethylallyl pyrophosphateFDPSGeranyl-PPlanosterol(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualenefarnesyl pyrophosphateSQLESqualeneFDFT1LSSFDPSzymosterolDHCR24desmosterolZymostenolEBP24,25-dihydrolanosterolLathosterol7-DehydrocholesterolDHCR7CholesterolSC5DLt-MASEBPDehydrodesmosterolDHCR7DHCR24DehydrolathosterolDHCR24SC5DLDHCR24DHCR24DHCR24CYP51A1Dihydro-t-MASff-MASDihydro-ff-MASCYP51A1HSD17B7NSDHLSC4MOLHSD17B7NSDHLSC4MOLDHCR24LBRTM7SF2LBRTM7SF2cholesterolLDLRtransintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) 11


Description

This pathway includes the following processes regarding cholesterol metabolism: I) Absorption of cholesterol in the enterocyte, II) Forming of chylomicrons and other lipid droplets, III) Distinction between Bloch and Kundutsch-Russell cholesterol biosynthesis, IV) Absorption of cholesterol in the hepatocyte and V) Transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE).

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Ontology Terms

 

Bibliography

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  1. Grefhorst A, Verkade HJ, Groen AK; ''The TICE Pathway: Mechanisms and Lipid-Lowering Therapies.''; Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J, 2019 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Huang B, Song BL, Xu C; ''Cholesterol metabolism in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.''; Nat Metab, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Gonias SL; ''Mechanisms by Which LRP1 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1) Maintains Arterial Integrity.''; Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2018 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Ponz de Leon M, Carubbi F, Di Donato P, Carulli N; ''Cholesterol esterase activity of human intestinal mucosa.''; Dig Dis Sci, 1985 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Tall AR, Thomas DG, Gonzalez-Cabodevilla AG, Goldberg IJ; ''Addressing dyslipidemic risk beyond LDL-cholesterol.''; J Clin Invest, 2022 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Ko CW, Qu J, Black DD, Tso P; ''Regulation of intestinal lipid metabolism: current concepts and relevance to disease.''; Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. Rousset X, Vaisman B, Amar M, Sethi AA, Remaley AT; ''Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase--from biochemistry to role in cardiovascular disease.''; Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes, 2009 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. Hegele RA, Borén J, Ginsberg HN, Arca M, Averna M, Binder CJ, Calabresi L, Chapman MJ, Cuchel M, von Eckardstein A, Frikke-Schmidt R, Gaudet D, Hovingh GK, Kronenberg F, Lütjohann D, Parhofer KG, Raal FJ, Ray KK, Remaley AT, Stock JK, Stroes ES, Tokgözoğlu L, Catapano AL; ''Rare dyslipidaemias, from phenotype to genotype to management: a European Atherosclerosis Society task force consensus statement.''; Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2020 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Roberts MF; ''Phospholipases: structural and functional motifs for working at an interface.''; FASEB J, 1996 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. Mitsche MA, McDonald JG, Hobbs HH, Cohen JC; ''Flux analysis of cholesterol biosynthesis in vivo reveals multiple tissue and cell-type specific pathways.''; Elife, 2015 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  11. Porter FD; ''Malformation syndromes due to inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis.''; J Clin Invest, 2002 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia

History

View all...
CompareRevisionActionTimeUserComment
141099view12:19, 3 November 2025EweitzFix z-index order layering
135276view01:09, 11 August 2024EweitzRefine complex position, standardize case
135275view01:03, 11 August 2024EweitzColor cell membrane by cell type
135274view00:53, 11 August 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'enterocyte' added !
135273view00:50, 11 August 2024EweitzRefine cell component label positions
135272view00:39, 11 August 2024EweitzRefine cell component label positions
135271view23:36, 10 August 2024EweitzStandardize case
135270view23:30, 10 August 2024EweitzRefine node positions
135269view22:23, 10 August 2024EweitzTailor node width to avoid truncated text
135268view22:20, 10 August 2024EweitzAlign nodes
135267view22:10, 10 August 2024EweitzEconomize layout
135266view21:55, 10 August 2024EweitzEconomize layout
135265view21:20, 10 August 2024EweitzEconomize layout
135264view21:01, 10 August 2024EweitzEconomize layout
135263view20:47, 10 August 2024EweitzEconomize layout
135262view20:30, 10 August 2024EweitzEconomize layout
135261view15:50, 10 August 2024EweitzEconomize layout
129534view01:46, 9 May 2024EweitzStandardize case, align label with ChEBI
129477view03:31, 24 April 2024EweitzOntology Term : 'hepatocyte' added !
125192view09:09, 28 January 2023EgonwFixed character encoding issues
124997view16:27, 11 January 2023TomPaulyPrimary bile acid biosynthesis
124996view16:06, 11 January 2023TomPaulyCYP7A1
124983view13:31, 11 January 2023TomPaulyIntestinal lumen
124974view09:28, 11 January 2023TomPaulyFatty acids transport
124964view09:09, 10 January 2023TomPaulyAdded Apo-B100 and 7-a-hydroxycholesterol.
124819view11:58, 12 December 2022TomPaulyModified description
124756view09:03, 8 December 2022TomPaulyModified description
124749view08:54, 8 December 2022TomPaulyAdded the transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE).
124732view15:28, 7 December 2022TomPaulyAdded the distinction between Bloch and Kandutsch-Russell cholesterol synthesis in the enterocyte.
124731view13:16, 7 December 2022TomPaulyAdded the endoplasmic reticulum in the enterocyte.
124730view11:04, 7 December 2022TomPaulyAdded the distinction between Bloch and Kandutsch-Russell cholesterol synthesis in the hepatocyte.
124727view08:47, 7 December 2022SusanOntology Term : 'cholesterol biosynthetic pathway' added !
124726view08:47, 7 December 2022SusanOntology Term : 'cholesterol transport pathway' added !
124725view08:46, 7 December 2022SusanOntology Term : 'cholesterol metabolic pathway' added !
124724view07:42, 7 December 2022TomPaulyNew pathway

External references

DataNodes

View all...
NameTypeDatabase referenceComment
(S)-2,3-EpoxysqualeneMetaboliteCHEBI:15441 (ChEBI)
24,25-dihydrolanosterolMetaboliteCHEBI:28113 (ChEBI)
27-HydroxycholesterolMetaboliteCHEBI:17703 (ChEBI)
7-DehydrocholesterolMetabolite434-16-2 (CAS)
ABCA1GeneProductENSG00000165029 (Ensembl)
ABCB11GeneProductENSG00000073734 (Ensembl)
ABCG5GeneProduct64240 (Entrez Gene)
ABCG5GeneProductENSG00000138075 (Ensembl)
ABCG8GeneProduct64241 (Entrez Gene)
ACAT2GeneProductENSG00000120437 (Ensembl)
ANGPTL3GeneProductENSG00000132855 (Ensembl)
ANGPTL8GeneProductENSG00000130173 (Ensembl)
APOA1GeneProductENSG00000118137 (Ensembl)
APOA2GeneProductENSG00000158874 (Ensembl)
APOA4GeneProductENSG00000110244 (Ensembl)
APOBGeneProductENSG00000084674 (Ensembl)
APOC1GeneProductENSG00000130208 (Ensembl)
APOC2GeneProductENSG00000234906 (Ensembl)
APOC3GeneProductENSG00000110245 (Ensembl)
APOEGeneProductENSG00000130203 (Ensembl)
APOHGeneProductENSG00000091583 (Ensembl)
Acetyl-CoAMetabolite72-89-9 (CAS)
Bile acidMetaboliteCHEBI:22868 (ChEBI)
CD36GeneProductENSG00000135218 (Ensembl)
CETPGeneProductENSG00000087237 (Ensembl)
CIDEBGeneProductENSG00000136305 (Ensembl)
CYP27A1GeneProductENSG00000135929 (Ensembl)
CYP51A1GeneProductENSG00000001630 (Ensembl)
CYP7A1GeneProductENSG00000167910 (Ensembl)
CholesterolMetabolite57-88-5 (CAS)
DGAT1GeneProductENSG00000185000 (Ensembl)
DGLMetaboliteCHEBI:15966 (ChEBI)
DHCR24GeneProductENSG00000116133 (Ensembl)
DHCR7GeneProduct1717 (Entrez Gene)
Dimethylallyl pyrophosphateMetabolite358-72-5 (CAS)
EBPGeneProductENSG00000147155 (Ensembl)
EsteraseMetaboliteHMDB0302632 (HMDB)
FDFT1GeneProduct2222 (Entrez Gene)
FDPSGeneProduct2224 (Entrez Gene)
Fatty Acid Beta OxidationPathwayWP143 (WikiPathways)
Geranyl-PPMetabolite6699-20-3 (CAS)
HMG-CoAMetaboliteHMDB0001375 (HMDB)
HMGCRGeneProduct3156 (Entrez Gene)
HMGCS1GeneProduct3157 (Entrez Gene)
HSD17B7GeneProductENSG00000132196 (Ensembl)
IDI1GeneProduct3422 (Entrez Gene)
LBRGeneProductENSG00000143815 (Ensembl)
LCATGeneProductENSG00000213398 (Ensembl)
LDLRAP1GeneProductENSG00000157978 (Ensembl)
LDLRGeneProductENSG00000130164 (Ensembl)
LIPAGeneProductENSG00000107798 (Ensembl)
LIPCGeneProductENSG00000166035 (Ensembl)
LIPGGeneProductENSG00000101670 (Ensembl)
LPAGeneProductENSG00000198670 (Ensembl)
LPLGeneProductENSG00000175445 (Ensembl)
LRP1GeneProductENSG00000123384 (Ensembl)
LRPAP1GeneProductENSG00000163956 (Ensembl)
LSSGeneProduct4047 (Entrez Gene)
LathosterolMetabolite80-99-9 (CAS)
MGAT1GeneProductENSG00000131446 (Ensembl)
MTTPGeneProductENSG00000138823 (Ensembl)
MVDGeneProduct4597 (Entrez Gene)
MVKGeneProduct4598 (Entrez Gene)
MYLIPGeneProductENSG00000007944 (Ensembl)
Mevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphateMetabolite1492-08-6 (CAS)
Mevalonic acid-5PMetabolite73566-35-5 (CAS)
Mevalonic acidMetabolite150-97-0 (CAS)
NPC1L1GeneProductENSG00000015520 (Ensembl)
NPC1GeneProductNPC1 (HGNC)
NPC2GeneProductENSG00000119655 (Ensembl)
NSDHLGeneProduct50814 (Entrez Gene) NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like
OSBPL5GeneProductENSG00000021762 (Ensembl)
PCSK9GeneProductENSG00000169174 (Ensembl)
PLTPGeneProduct5360 (Entrez Gene)
PMVKGeneProduct10654 (Entrez Gene)
PhospholipaseMetaboliteHMDB0302979 (HMDB)
SAR1BGeneProductENSG00000152700 (Ensembl)
SC4MOLGeneProduct6307 (Entrez Gene)
SC5DLGeneProduct6309 (Entrez Gene)
SCARB1GeneProductENSG00000073060 (Ensembl)
SOAT1GeneProductENSG00000057252 (Ensembl)
SORT1GeneProductENSG00000134243 (Ensembl)
SQLEGeneProduct6713 (Entrez Gene)
STARD3GeneProductENSG00000131748 (Ensembl)
STARGeneProductENSG00000147465 (Ensembl)
SqualeneMetabolite111-02-4 (CAS)
TM7SF2GeneProductENSG00000149809 (Ensembl)
TSPOGeneProductENSG00000100300 (Ensembl)
Triacylglycerol lipaseProteinA0A087WX88 (Uniprot-TrEMBL)
VAPAGeneProductENSG00000101558 (Ensembl)
VDAC1GeneProductENSG00000213585 (Ensembl)
ZymostenolMetaboliteCHEBI:16608 (ChEBI)
cholesterol estersMetaboliteCHEBI:17002 (ChEBI)
cholesterolMetaboliteCHEBI:16113 (ChEBI)
desmosterolMetaboliteCHEBI:17737 (ChEBI)
diacylglycerolsMetaboliteCHEBI:18035 (ChEBI)
farnesyl pyrophosphateMetabolite13058-04-3 (CAS)
fatty acidsMetaboliteCHEBI:35366 (ChEBI)
isopentenyl pyrophosphateMetabolite358-71-4 (CAS)
lanosterolMetaboliteCHEBI:16521 (ChEBI)
lipid dropletMetabolite
lysophospholipidsMetaboliteCHEBI:16961 (ChEBI)
monoacylglycerolsMetaboliteCHEBI:17408 (ChEBI)
phospholipidsMetaboliteCHEBI:16247 (ChEBI)
triacylglycerolsMetaboliteCHEBI:17855 (ChEBI)
zymosterolMetaboliteCHEBI:18252 (ChEBI)

Annotated Interactions

No annotated interactions

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