Chenodeoxycholic acid-lithocholic acid/ursodeoxycholic acid pathway: bile salt deconjugation, secondary bile acid synthesis, reconjugation and sulfation (Mus musculus)

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In the distal small intestine and colon, bile salt hydrolases and bile acid sulfatases from gut bacteria deconjugate and desulfate CDCA-derived species, which can then undergo 7α dehydroxylation, oxidation and epimerization to generate lithocholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and related secondary bile acids; these products are partially reabsorbed and return to the liver, where bile acid CoA synthetase (SLC27A5), bile acid CoA:amino acid N acyltransferase (BAAT) and sulfotransferase 2A mediate reconjugation and resulfation, feeding back into the enterohepatic circulation. To visually simplify the pathway diagram, the following convention was applied: (i) stacking multiple enzymes: when two or more enzymes catalyse the same conversion, their nodes are placed in a stacked position and their representative catalytic interactions may overlap, but they all possess a unique catalytic interaction to the corresponding conversion, computationally contributing effectively to the catalysed transformation. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- &gt;&gt; Metabolite and enzyme abbreviations used with their full common names: * GCDCA-7S: Glycochenodeoxycholic acid-7-sulfate * TCDCA-7S: Taurochenodeoxycholic acid-7-sulfate * GCDCA: Glycochenodeoxycholic acid * TCDCA: Taurochenodeoxycholic acid * CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid * CDCA-7S: Chenodeoxycholic acid-7-sulfate * LCA: Lithocholic acid * LCA-CoA: Lithocholoyl-CoA * GLCA: Glycolithocholic acid * GLCA-3S: Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate * TLCA: Taurolithocholic acid * TLCA-3S: Taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate * 3-oxoLCA: 3-oxolithocholic acid * isoLCA: Isolithocholic acid * 3-oxo-CDCA: 3-Oxochenodeoxycholic acid * IsoCDCA: Isochenodeoxycholic acid * 7-oxoLCA: 7-oxolithocholic acid * UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid * UDCA-CoA: Ursodeoxycholoyl-CoA * TUDCA: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid * TUDCA-3S: Tauroursodeoxycholic acid-3-sulfate * GUDCA: Glycoursodeoxycholic acid * GUDCA-3S: Glycoursodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate * SULT2A1: Sulfotransferase 2A * BAAT: Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase * SLC27A5: Bile acid-CoA synthethase * 3AHDP_MEDG7: 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Mediterraneibacter gnavus * 3AHD_EGGLE: 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Eggerthella lenta * 3BHDP_MEDG7: 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Mediterraneibacter gnavus * 3BHD2_EGGLE: 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, Eggerthella lenta * HDHA_ECOLI: 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Escherichia coli * HDHA_BACFN: 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Bacteroides fragilis * HSDHB_MEDG7: 7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Mediterraneibacter gnavus * Bile acid sulfatase * CBH_BIFLN : Bile salt hydrolase/transferase, Bifidobacterium longum * CBH_BIFL2 : Bile salt hydrolase/transferase, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum * A0A8F5DVT9_9FIRM : Choloylglycine hydrolase, Christensenella minuta * 7α-dehydroxylation: Pathway → 7α-dehydroxylation of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid by bai operon genes * Murine CDCA–muricholic acid: Pathway → Murine chenodeoxycholic acid - muricholic acid/ murideoxycholic acid pathway: bile salt deconjugation, secondary bile acid synthesis, reconjugation and sulfation</Comment> <BiopaxRef>fec</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>a9b</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>f92</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>f97</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>db6</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>e18</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>a7a</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>ed5</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>e44</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>ebe</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>fba</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>b0f</BiopaxRef> <BiopaxRef>bb8</BiopaxRef> 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xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" rdf:id="bc4"> <bp:ID rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">22783059</bp:ID> <bp:DB rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">PubMed</bp:DB> <bp:TITLE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Diagnosis in bile acid-CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase deficiency.</bp:TITLE> <bp:SOURCE rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">World J Gastroenterol</bp:SOURCE> <bp:YEAR rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">2012</bp:YEAR> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Hadžić N</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Bull LN</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Clayton PT</bp:AUTHORS> <bp:AUTHORS rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Knisely AS</bp:AUTHORS> </bp:PublicationXref> <bp:openControlledVocabulary 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